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Топики

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Easter      
From Scotland to the Channel, Britain is full of customs and traditions. A lot of them have very long histories. Some are funny, some are strange- But they're all interesting and are all part of the British way of life.
Easter is the time for holidays, festivals and time for giving chocolate Easter eggs, the day of parties, and above all a celebration that Jesus raised from the dead and lives forever. Eggs play an important part in Easter celebration; they are predominantly given to children. The eggs are either hollow or have a filling, and are usually covered with brightly colored silver paper...
ПРАЗДНИКИ | Просмотров: 626 | Author: |Добавил: Warior | Дата: 01.03.2013| Комментарии (0)

Church Holidays 
Church holidays are days set aside by the church for celebrating various events from the life of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints.
The most important holiday in Russian churches is Easter (Resurrection of Christ).
Next is Christmas, followed by Epiphany, Christ's presentation at the Temple, Annunciation, Christ's entrance into Jerusalem (Palm Sunday), Ascension (40 days after Easter), Pentecost or Sunday of the Trinity, Transfiguration, Dormition of the Virgin Mary, Nativity of the Virgin Mary, Elvation of the Cross, and Presentation of the Virgin Mary at the Temple.
Easter Sunday does not have a set date, it changes every year to fall on the first Sunday after the full moon that occurs on or right after the spring equinox...
ПРАЗДНИКИ | Просмотров: 530 | Author: |Добавил: Warior | Дата: 01.03.2013| Комментарии (0)

Christmas in Great Britain (2)
Christmas Day, December 25, is probably the most popular holiday in Great Britain. It is a family holiday. Traditionally all relatives and friends give each other presents. So, before Christmas all the department stores and shops are crowded, everybody is choosing a present.
In general, people get prepared for this holiday very carefully. They decorate their houses in the traditional way. Christmas trees are set up in houses, in the streets and churches. They are always decorated with fairy lights, angels and small toys. In addition, little packets with nuts, candies and special biscuits are hung on the tree. Presents are put around the tree and artificial «frost» is scattered over the branches.
The Germans are believed to be the first to use the Christmas tree in their celebrations and Martin Luther was the first to place a star on the top of the tree. This star represents the star appeared over the stable in which Christ was born...
ПРАЗДНИКИ | Просмотров: 808 | Author: |Добавил: Warior | Дата: 01.03.2013| Комментарии (0)

Christmas in Great Britain (1)
For most British families, this is the most important festival of the year. This is the day when many people are travelling home to be with their families on Christmas Day. If you try to catch a train on 24th December you may have difficulty in finding a seat.
There are a lot of traditions connected with Christmas but the most important one is the giving of presents. Family members wrap up their gifts and leave them at the bottom of the Christmas tree to be "bound on Christmas morning.
At some time on Christmas Day the family will sit down to a big turkey dinner followed by Christmas pudding...
ПРАЗДНИКИ | Просмотров: 610 | Author: |Добавил: Warior | Дата: 01.03.2013| Комментарии (0)

Christmas in Australia         
Most Australians have been dreaming of a white Christmas for centuries. But the traditional European Christmas is just a myth for Australians. Santas wearing thick woollen clothes don't fit with Australia's thirty-degree heat. Thankfully things are changing fast. Now they have their own Christmas, Australian style.
Australia is a country which is largely made up of desert and sandy beaches. For the first settlers, two hundred years ago, a plate of corned meat and a mug of billy tea might have been the best Christmas dinner available. As a new nation developed and grew richer, people tried to recreate the kind of Christmas that they used to have in Europe.
Christmas in Australia happens in the summer. However, we tried our best to deny the reality of a summer Christmas. In the class-room, children learned songs like Frosty the Snowman and Jingle Bells. Up until recently, the only Christmas cards published portrayed white winter Christmases, All this was a bit ridiculous in a country where 80 per cent of the land has never witnessed a snowflake, even in winter...
ПРАЗДНИКИ | Просмотров: 1376 | Author: |Добавил: Warior | Дата: 01.03.2013| Комментарии (0)

Christmas day  
Christmas is a Christian holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ. It is based on the Biblical event described in Luke 2 and Matthew 1-2 of the New Testament. Luke tells the story of how an angel appeared to shepherds and told them that a Saviour had been born to Mary and Joseph in a stable in Bethlehem. Matthew tells of the Three Wise Men of the East (the Magi) who followed a wondrous star, which led them to the new-born child, whom they presented with gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. The majesty and poetry of these lovely verses has won the hearts of listeners throughout the ages.
Despite the fact that the Eastern Christian churches had earlier settled on the date of January 6th to celebrate Christmas, the Roman Church set that of December 25th as the Feast of the Nativity of Jesus Christ. Perhaps this was in order to have it replace the important pagan Roman festival Natalis Invicti Solis (Birth of the Unconquered Sun). The word 'Christmas' comes from the term Christes masse, meaning Christ's Mass. So, in the western tradition, January 6th became the Epiphany or Twelfth Night, the date when the Magi arrived with gifts for the Christ child. This served as inspiration for the song "The Twelve Days of Christmas" and its generous list of presents from someone's true love...
ПРАЗДНИКИ | Просмотров: 1068 | Author: |Добавил: Warior | Дата: 01.03.2013| Комментарии (0)

Birthday 
"What will you do on your birthday?" Most Americans celebrate their birthdays on the day on which they were born.
Like in Russia, friends and relatives share in the celebration. However, unlike in Russia, birthday parties have a more spontaneous, less planned guest list and agenda, and there is no particular attempt made to venerate one's guests with vast quantities of gourmet treats (A birthday person is not expected to spend his special day in the kitchen!). Something simple but elegant (not something you would eat any day) and a nice bottle of wine will suffice for this occasion.
In the United States an adult person having a birthday feels no particular social obligation to invite guests home for festivities. This time and space is usually reserved for the immediate family and close family friends. Co-workers may have an impromptu group gathering at coffee break time with cake and ice cream and a small gift for which all have contributed. Or they may shout a 'birthday lunch' at a nearby restaurant for the special person or go out for drinks after work...
ПРАЗДНИКИ | Просмотров: 723 | Author: |Добавил: Warior | Дата: 01.03.2013| Комментарии (0)

"Unwritten Rules" of Great Britain    
Good and bad manners make up the social rules of a country. They are not always easy to learn because they are often not written down in books. For example, British women didn't go into pubs at the beginning of this century because it was not considered respectable behaviour for a woman. Now both women and men drink freely is pubs and women are fully integrated into public life. Visitors to Britain are often surprised by the strange behaviour of the inhabitants. One of the worst mistakes is to get on a bus without waiting your turn in the queue. The other people in the queue will probably complain loudly! Queuing is a national habit and it is considered polite or good manners to wait for your turn.
In some countries it is considered bad manners to eat in the street, whereas in Britain it is common to see people having a snack whilst walking down the road, especially at lunchtime...
ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИЯ | Просмотров: 653 | Author: |Добавил: Warior | Дата: 01.03.2013| Комментарии (1)

United Kingdom
England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century. The Union between England and Wales was enacted under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284. In the Act of Union of 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanent union as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, but in 1921, the Anglo-Irish treaty formalized a partition of Ireland, although six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom and became known as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It was adopted in 1927.
Great Britain was the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century. It played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface...
ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИЯ | Просмотров: 834 | Author: |Добавил: Warior | Дата: 01.03.2013| Комментарии (0)

Transport in Britain
You can reach England either by plane, by train, by car or by ship. The fastest way is by plane. London has three international airports: Heathrow, the largest, connected to the city by underground; Gatwick, south of London, with a frequent train service; Luton, the smallest, used for charter flights.
If you go to England by train or by car you have to cross the Channel. There is a frequent service of steamers and ferryboats which connect the continent to the south-east of England.
People in Britain drive on the left and generally overtake on the right. The speed limit is 30 miles per hour (50 km/h) in towns and cities and 70 m.p.h. (110 km/h) on motorways...
ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИЯ | Просмотров: 763 | Author: |Добавил: Warior | Дата: 01.03.2013| Комментарии (0)

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